Is Fasting Right For You? Here's My Personal Experience
Let's talk about fasting and the science behind it
- Written by Shani Kaplan
Have you heard about fasting?
I would be shocked if you haven’t. It is all the rage of the last few years. There has been a huge shift from breakfast being the most important meal of the day to possibly being the least important (or said to be unnecessary all together). A shift from grazing as a way to keep your metabolism firing, back to only having square meals and letting the body digest between meals.
We have touched on fasting lightly in some of our blogs, but today we are going to delve into it in depth. Being a part of the health and fitness industry for the past 8 years, it is hard to not be intrigued when new material surfaces. Especially when it claims to help your metabolism, mental clarity/focus, and possibly prevent or help with various diseases. After hearing stories from my friends and colleagues who had personally tried fasting, watching many documentaries, YouTube and Instagram testimonials on it, and reading all the material and studies surfacing; I decided to try it for myself .
Being someone with digestive issues (I am coeliac) I had wondered whether it would help with inflammation and the constant bloating/ discomfort I seemed to feel (despite sticking to a strict gluten-free diet).
Before I get into how I implemented it and more about my thoughts on fasting, let’s get into the science...
So, where did it begin?
Religious/ spiritual
Fasting has been a part of all major religions (except Zoroastrianism) for centuries.
Judaism has several annual fast days a year like Yom Kippur, Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan, Catholics fast for 40 days for Lent and Buddhists often undertake long periods of time without consuming food, in fact, Monks stopping eating daily after lunch.
Therapeutic fasting
Our food should be our medicine. Our medicine should be our food. But to eat when you are sick is to feed your sickness." - Hippocrates
"Instead of using medicine, rather, fast a day." - Plutarch
Fasting has been used therapeutically for centuries as far as historians can tell. Hippocrates was just one who recommended fasting from food and liquids to his patients with certain sicknesses. Instinctively humans and animals stop eating when they're ill and their appetite resumes when they feel better. This was of great interest to pioneers of medicine.
Advocates of fasting
You need not look further than Youtube, Instagram, blogs/articles, and the many diet books written to find those who are strongly pro-fasting. Here are just some of the notable figures who have been advocating one of the many forms of fasting:
- Nicole Kidman
- Hugh Jackman
- Terry Crews
- Jennifer Lopez
- Beyonce
- Joe Rogan
- Benedict Cumberbatch
- Chris Martin
- Chris Hemsworth
- Jack Dorsey- Twitter CEO
So, why fast?
May Reduce Inflammation
We have talked a lot about inflammation and how it impacts our body functioning at an optimal level. Well, a study performed during the month of Ramadan found that those using intermittent prolonged fasting received positive effects on their inflammatory state! [1] Another study performing the Fasting Mimicking Diet concluded that it may be successful at reducing certain inflammatory markers associated with autoimmune diseases. [2]
May Slow Aging and Mental Decline
There has been positive impacts seen by the science world in the correlation of fasting and longevity. One study run by Harvard Medical School found that that intermittent fasting caused a slight increase to SIRT 3, which is a well-known gene that promotes longevity and is involved in protective cell responses. [3]
May help with type 2 diabetes
A study was undertaken whereby 3 patients fasted for 24-hour periods (only consuming liquids like coffee tea and broth) on alternating days for one month. After the study, all three patients were reported to have eliminated the need for insulin as a direct result of the therapeutic fasting regimen. All three patients also had a significant drop in weight, seeing a decrease in their BMI. The study claimed that therapeutic fasting may have the potential to fill the gap in diabetes care by providing similar intensive caloric restriction and hormonal benefits as bariatric surgery, without invasive surgery. [4]
May help with weight loss
Fasting has been reported in most cases to result in weight loss. Despite this, there has been quite a debate in this field of study. Fasting itself may cause weight loss , but the main reason for this would be (and especially with some of the more extended and heavily calorie-restricted fasting) that participants would likely be in a calorie deficit. Meaning that they are consuming fewer calories than they are expending, which will result in weight loss (As long as they are not gorging on food within their eating hours).
Another reason for weight loss is that perhaps the participant is paying more attention to their satiety and hunger signals as they are no longer regimented by societal guidelines of mealtimes. Lastly, although publications don't doubt it aids in weight loss, it is hard to see complete adherence in the long run, which we will look into later.
May help with type 2 diabetes
A study was undertaken whereby 3 patients fasted for 24-hour periods (only consuming liquids like coffee tea and broth) on alternating days for one month. After the study, all three patients were reported to have eliminated the need for insulin as a direct result of the therapeutic fasting regimen. All three patients also had a significant drop in weight, seeing a decrease in their BMI. The study claimed that therapeutic fasting may have the potential to fill the gap in diabetes care by providing similar intensive caloric restriction and hormonal benefits as bariatric surgery, without invasive surgery. [4]
May help with weight loss
Fasting has been reported in most cases to result in weight loss. Despite this, there has been quite a debate in this field of study. Fasting itself may cause weight loss , but the main reason for this would be (and especially with some of the more extended and heavily calorie-restricted fasting) that participants would likely be in a calorie deficit. Meaning that they are consuming fewer calories than they are expending, which will result in weight loss (As long as they are not gorging on food within their eating hours).
Another reason for weight loss is that perhaps the participant is paying more attention to their satiety and hunger signals as they are no longer regimented by societal guidelines of mealtimes. Lastly, although publications don't doubt it aids in weight loss, it is hard to see complete adherence in the long run, which we will look into later.
Downfall of studies
It is important to note that research performed to date has monitored participants over a short time period. This produces flaws. Health markers could take longer than the undertaken study period of 1 to a few months to really show substantial improvements or deteriorations. Another downfall is the fact that although the benefits are undeniable, would the general population have the willpower to stay regimented to that style of fasting for a longer span of time than the study? If you enjoy socialising as much as I do, then it can prove to be quite antisocial having to avoid certain meal times or meals all together due to your fasting times.
The Different Types Of Fasting
Let’s discuss the different types of fasting that have been popular recently, starting from most intense/extreme to most manageable for the general population.
#1 Periodic fasts
This is the most severe fast, which lasts days or even weeks at a time. It involves drinking calorie-free fluids or very minimal calories- such as a fruit juice or broth, 1-2x a day for extended periods of time. Water fasting is used by some functional medicine practitioners for some chronic illnesses and usually calls for medical supervision during the entirety of the fast. It is not advised for the general public.
#2 Alternate day fasting
This fasting style means eating a regular calorie intake one day and the next day limiting calories to 0 calories (for the stricter version) or 25% of your caloric intake (around 500-700 calories) for an easier version. And repeating. It has been applied in serious health matters like severe obesity, and again, shouldn’t be tried by the general public.
#3 5:2
Michael Mosley, a qualified doctor turned winning science journalist and documentary maker, collaborated his research and created 5:2. The diet (recently updated) is simply eating normally on 5 days of the week, and 2 non-consecutive days of eating just 800 calories of high protein/fat foods such as meat/seafood, nuts and olives. He advises following a Mediterranean style of eating as well.
#4 Fasting-mimicking diet
Dr Longo developed this diet as he found that it got people into a fasting state without compromising daily nutrients. It is a plant-based diet that is high in fat, moderate in protein and low in carbs and around 34-54% of a normal calorie intake. He sells it as a 5-day pre-packaged diet with foods high in good fats, like olives, flaxseeds, soups, and energy bars. This diet is repeated every 1-6 months. Many choose to imitate it themselves at home with their own recipes rather than purchasing his package.
#5 Whole day fast
This is a popular way of fasting. It is simply as it states, one day of fasting and is used weekly, fortnightly or monthly. It means that you can relax on the other days with how/ what you eat and just incorporate a 24-36 hour fast on a day that suits you and as often as you choose. This could mean finishing eating dinner Sunday night and fasting until Monday night or until Tuesday morning for the extended version.
#3 Time-restricted eating
This approach has an eating window in which you consume all your calories, and then a time in which you don’t eat at all. This type of fasting is the most easily applied because some use it for as little as 12 hours. That would mean eating dinner at 8pm and not eating again until 8am. You could extend this to 14 hours quite easily by holding off until 10am. The more difficult fasting hours then extend to 16, 18 or 20. You can choose your own eating/fasting hours; some preferring to skip dinner and some breakfast depending on their work and social schedules.
When Shouldn’t You Fast?
Like with anything, you should always consult with your doctor, dietitian and nutritionist before trying it. We especially recommend steering clear of fasting if you are/have:
- Pregnant/ trying to get pregnant
- Hormonal imbalances
- History of eating disorders
- Metabolic disorders
- If you are noticing that the fasting is causing you to become preoccupied with food or bingeing
**Only do long periods of fasting under a professional!**
My experience
I personally first tried intermittent fasting about two years ago and would eat 0 calories for at least 14 hours and sometimes up until 18 hours. I would typically break my fast mid-morning or lunchtime with a bulletproof coffee (a coffee blended with butter or MCT oil). I did this strictly for 6 months. The first week was challenging as I have always been an early riser and practically salivating for my first milky coffee and meal as soon as I woke. But the body adapts fast, and my hunger subsided after a few days of repetition. During this period, I tried to have two substantial meals (lunch and dinner) and a small snack in between. In between my meals I was keeping my liquids high with herbal teas and water (hello toilet breaks!).
With the decrease in calories, most noticeable was the weight loss I experienced pretty quickly, and the lightness I felt. On a mental note, I felt an increase in mental clarity, less food-focused thoughts and was more aware of my satiety signals.
But there were some negatives I experienced too. Firstly, my hormones were affected, and I stopped menstruating. I wasn’t sure whether this was due to the fact that I was fasting, or that I was eating less/had lost weight and this had affected my hormonal balance. I also found that my energy for morning workouts was nonexistent. Which was the opposite of what some of my male friends/colleagues at the time had experienced! I felt like I just couldn't reach the intensity of workouts I could previously.
The hardest part for me though- was that as a bit of an all or nothing person, and also a very social person (who loves a good brunch), if I caved in to enjoy a breakfast out with friends, I felt like I had failed. Once I reached this realisation and saw others around me who had once been regimented about fasting, start to struggle with strict adherence, I applied a more intuitive approach. Because, at the end of the day, we are all uniquely built, and as individuals with varying lifestyles, genetic makeup and preferences, it is important that we find what works best for us. I now like to eat dinners early during the workweek and have breakfast when I feel hungry (which is usually about a 14-15 hour fast). I don't do this every day, just when it works within my schedule.
If you are going to try fasting, (after medical clearance) start small with just 12 hours and work your way up to 18 or 20 and see how it feels for your body. But remember, find what makes you feel the best in your daily life. What works for some may not work for others!
Shani Kaplan
Shani Kaplan is a contributing writer for Truth Origins. She combines her knowledge gained from working within the fitness/wellness industry in Sydney and London for the last seven years as a Personal Trainer, and class instructor, with her addiction to research due to her BA in Business Marketing. Shani loves martial arts, resistance training, dance and yoga, nutrition, travel, design, photography, and art.
Stay tuned for Thursday's Blog - a Q&A with our Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt athlete- Joanna Ziobronowicz!
References
[1]Faris MA1, Kacimi S, Al-Kurd RA, Fararjeh MA, Bustanji YK, Mohammad MK, Salem ML.(2012). Intermittent fasting during Ramadan attenuates proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in healthy subjects. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244540 [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].
[2]Choi, I. Y., Piccio, L., Childress, P., Bollman, B., Ghosh, A., Brandhorst, S. Longo, V. D. (2016). A Diet Mimicking Fasting Promotes Regeneration and Reduces Autoimmunity and Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms. Cell reports, 15(10), 2136–2146. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.009 . - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899145/[Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].
[3]ScienceDaily. (2015). Feast-and-famine diet could help extend life, study suggests. [online] Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150227112508.htm [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].
[4] Furmli, S., Elmasry, R., Ramos, M., & Fung, J. (2018). Therapeutic use of intermittent fasting for people with type 2 diabetes as an alternative to insulin. BMJ case reports, 2018, bcr2017221854. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221854- PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194375/[Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].
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